Drifters/Love is the Devil by Dirty Beaches free essay sample

At the point when I consider Alex Hungtais fill in as Dirty Beaches, two things ring a bell: the film â€Å"Mulholland Drive† by David Lynch and a raggedy man in a cowhide coat strolling the roads of an obscure city. This twofold collection is an ideal portrayal of these two. The main collection, â€Å"Drifters,† is to some degree a respect to Wong Kar Wei and the vagabond way of life. I get the essence of a man who is going from bar to bar, town to town, smoking a cigarette and playing a guitar as he strolls to his next goal. The tunes â€Å"Night Walk,† â€Å"I Dream in Neon,† and â€Å"Casino Lisboa† all have very appealing songs that appear to venture into time everlasting. As I stroll to get my train in the first part of the day, I frequently wind up murmuring â€Å"Night Walk,† tapping my feet to the beat. These three melodies are a decent spot to begin on the off chance that you are simply getting into Hungtais thick index of lo-fi chronicles. We will compose a custom paper test on Wanderers/Love is the Devil by Dirty Beaches or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The more you tune in, the more you begin to comprehend what Dirty Beaches is doing. He isn't attempting to make a â€Å"album† by todays principles. His music is too realistic to be in any way positioned in a stone or jazz area of a music store. Hungtais point is to make a calculated soundtrack. His music fits more into film classifications than music kinds. As we polish off â€Å"Drifters† on a tragic and desolate note, the more exploratory and odd collection begins to play, â€Å"Love Is the Devil.† The main track, â€Å"Woman,† promptly gives me an uncomfortable inclination that develops as I tune in. The appeal is supplanted with a considerably all the more arresting experience. The thoughts that go into this collection appear to be clear: a man adores a lady yet realizes he should leave her, much the same as everything else in his life. Its essential when attempting to clarify it through the English language, yet as Hungtai knows, music can make it all the all the more intriguing, particularly when you have a showy point of view. This collection is so acceptable and just continues showing signs of improvement. The lo-fi recording quality scaffolds these two particular collections  ­together, making a magnum opus.

Leadership Models in Action

IntroductionLeaders are conceived while others are made presumably sounds clichã © however one undisputable truth is that administration is basic to directing a business or association to progress. As Jack Welch cites ‘Good business pioneers make a dream, articulate the vision, energetically own and tenaciously drive it to finishing. (www.thinkexist.com.) Notably, there are numerous pioneers who have existed in past century yet seemingly not many incredible pioneers exist. Furthermore, the distinctive extraordinary pioneers apply diverse authority approaches just as have diverse initiative attributes. In any case, there are different perspectives that cut over the numerous authority models and qualities, for example, responsibility, drive, enthusiasm, strengthening, definitiveness and flexibility. (Bennis, 2002).  In request to obviously exhibit authority in business this paper will concentrate on AT and T Network director Thomas Reeds who is questionable a good example in t he initiative circles. His authority approach is both affected and rousing and later in the paper a couple of models will be utilized to show why is cause this claim.Jack To welch orders consideration in corporate initiative circles as his visionary administration restored the organizations in the US during 1980 and to date; his methods of reasoning keep on changing during common organizations to amazing organizations Thomas Reeds.â Follows in the strides of this extraordinary CEO and his administration approach is consistently transformational. His capacity to move and empower devotees to a specific course in accomplishing the company’s objectives is brilliant.Some, how he adjusts corporate techniques to every day activities of representatives and explains issues to the workers that they get a more noteworthy image of what is normal. Along these lines, he energizes and instills responsibility of representatives to future objectives. More to that, his accentuation on value- based parts of pioneers for example a greater amount of the bread and butter is likewise shows in his initiative methodology. This is found in the manner he energizes a give and take ‘win win’ circumstance in administration. Representatives are respected for meeting targets and consistence to adjusted desires. His two years in that post has produced AT&T a flawless measure of benefits which is considered to proceed. Thomas may seem like an overwhelming individual and conceivable go about in that capacity. Be that as it may, his capacity to join quietude and profound energetic will fro achievement is practically confusing. He’s is genuinely a level 5 leader.By level 5 pioneers it implies a pioneer who has arrived at the most elevated hierarchal degree of his authority abilities and has had the option to lead an organization from a decent to an incredible organization with generous continued greatness (Morris, 2006). In fact, the improved status of AT&T org anization has not been an element of Thomas Reed’s authority approach alone, but instead he has utilized his impact it guarantee that different elements important to change AT &T are available in the organization, the correct association culture and key assets among others. He has been in charge, all things considered, Authority isn't tied in with flaunting what one can however really doing if so others can perceive what should be done and how it is done.This is the thing that Thomas Reeds consistently says. His dressing and upbeat disposition can nearly commit one error him for an assistant. He blend with the workers at AT&T to comprehend what their perspectives are and get contribution on what needs toâ be improved or changed. It is not necessarily the case that Thomas Reeds is one to joke around with. His simple and awful assurance in life likewise makes him an individual to rise up to be checked. Most occasions, it is conceivable to discover Thomas sharing his i nitial educational encounters with other hopeful pioneers under his stewardship of how he experienced childhood in the firm, battled through school and college to where he is currently. His encounters are continually invigorating and engaging and it isn't difficult to see the iron will and energy to support ability in his devotees. He rouses them to be as well as can be expected be. Difficulties will consistently come your direction he says however it is up to you make a firm purpose to remain ahead or hold tight as opposed to very. Apparently, extreme occasions slice out pioneers to be great and strong.Indisputably, Thomas Reeds initiative methodology has been affected by Welch’s general guidelines for example, the significant of deleting organization in the business positioning the clients and investors profoundly and overwhelming piece of the pie. These lessons applied combined with interesting properties, for example, smoothing out the workforce set out Thomas initiative styles as the explanation for the company’s success.Nevertheless, Thomas feels that change and dynamism in authority is an essential credit to powerful administration in today’s business condition. He rushes to take note of that despite the fact that Welch and Sloan’s ways of thinking were no not exactly splendid; their relevance is currently wearing off. He feels that the difficulties that the authority approaches created by the two driving forces of administration achievement were intended to conquer the obstructions and issue of the then occasions and new initiative moved toward should be created to viably confront the new difficulties in the advanced period. However he doesn't limit the way that Welch procedures are as yet usable and can contribute enormously in the accomplishment of a company.Leadership rouses individuals or rather catches the brains and spirits of individuals. As indicated by scholars Goffee and Jones (2000) authority is about outcomes yet simultaneously isn't just about execution yet additionally meaning. Consistent with this articulation, it is difficult to energize individuals to phenomenal levels without empowering them first observe the significance and worth behind the activities. For this situation extemporary administration pairs execution and maybe this is the thing that causes organizations with incredible pioneers to exceed expectations uniquely in contrast to the ones that simply have alright pioneers. This they do by making execution important. (Goffee and Jones, 2000).Given this knowledge a basic gander at AT&T Network trough, Thomas Reeds authority approach, it is obvious that he makes his representatives or adherents discover importance in their undertakings. This is done so that corporate systems are interpreted ot noteworthy plans and especially every day errand of the workers to such an extent that the change and improved execution begins from the base to the top.After executive gatherings with corporate boards of trustees, Thomas Reeds goes out his own specific manner ot assemble for independent conferences with various gatherings of staff to examine how the corporate procedures influence them and how the staff remain to profit by actualizing the destinations of the organization. This has caused AT&T workforce to accomplish meaning and at last duty to remarkable execution. While others may consider Thomas’ technique as worked and depleting, Thomas feels that it is an essential cost to pay if a pioneer is ot see any aftereffect of his activities. It is additionally as of now that a leader’s characteristics and enthusiasm for qualification and greatness is tested.Notable, there are pioneers and afterward there are legitimate pioneers. This prompts the journey of finding real authority in AT&T director Thomas. Credible pioneers are magnanimous yet are not hesitant to communicate oneself, ethically guided soundness and nit simply instrumental thinking w hereby the end legitimizes the methods among others. From my countable contacts with Thomas, it is clear that his benevolent nature just as aloof way of thinking of separating one self fro deceptive practices and traps. In mask explain his genuineness as a leader.Welch epitomizes the standards of authority very well, for example, he was knowledgeable in the workers undertakings and his own obligations. Moreover, he tackled the should be keeping watch for new open doors that could lead GE higher than ever and where things went amiss; he was not modest to assume liability for his activities other than looking for a substitute. As per Welch, the significant thing is to break down the circumstance, right it on the off chance that conceivable or discover exercise/s from it and afterward continues to the following test with mental fortitude and better information. In authority position, choices are made unfailingly and a pioneer ought to be fit for settling on convenient and precise choic es quick on the off chance that it is to have any effect. This Welch had aced. Administration is tied in with paying special mind to the prosperity of the workforce, keeping them educated just as showing others how its done. It is obvious that Welch exemplified these characteristics too.ConclusionIt isn't remarkable to hear individuals state that they need to be increasingly successful pioneers. Incredible pioneers are improved through training and long stretches of gaining from past triumphs and disappointments. The test along these lines is for youthful hopeful pioneers to work in the essentials loan by the extraordinary pioneers, for example, Welch and Sloan and above all have responsibility and energy to outlining extemporary administration which, who knows may beâ a legend for future generations.ReferencesBennis, W. (2002). Will the inheritance live on? The Harvard Business Review, 80(2), 95-100Collingwood, H., and Couto, D.L. (2002). Jack on jack. The Harvard Business Review , 80(2), 88-94Collins, J. (2001). Level 5 initiative: the triumph of quietude and savage purpose. Harvard Business Review, 79(1), 67-76Goffee, R. and Jones, G. (2000). For what reason would it be advisable for anyone to be driven by you? Harvard Business survey, 78(5), 62-70.Morris, B. (2006). Destroying the Jack Welch playbook. Fortune. http://money.cnn.com/2006/07/10/magazines/fortue/rules.fortune/Think exist.com Famous Quotes. Recovered on October 24, 2007 from World Wide Web  â â http://www.thinkexist.com/

Rain In The City Of Mahtomedi Essays - Observational Astronomy

Downpour In The City Of Mahtomedi The splendid and radiant sky shrouded the way that a tempest was rapidly moving toward the city of Mahtomedi. The delicate, warm wind was brushing against the happy essences of the inhabitants. Kids are playing b-ball, youngsters are driving their vehicles and tuning in to stunning music. The quiet pace of the waves pulled in numerous boaters to the unmistakable water. Indeed, even the nursery workers were out on this excellent day. Everybody was totally unmindful of the coming dread. The breeze started to twirl and blew freezing air onto the town. Foreboding shadows raged into the sky, agitating and bending with bewildering speed. The b-ball circle moved to and fro, being pushed by y the staggering quality of the breeze. Bloom pedals and leaves flew into the sky turning at a bewildering rate. Vehicles were surrendered as dread struck adolescents ran into the discard for cover from the flying flotsam and jetsam. Whitecaps smashed on the docks and shorelines, destroying boards of wood and twirling into whirlpools. At that point, one of the most remarkable powers on the essence of the earth came to down with its strong breezes, destroying structures and trees in short order. In the wake of eating up home after home, it retreated as though provoking its prey and indicating the individuals that it is totally eccentric. And afterward, as out of nowhere as it started, the mists proceed onward. Carrying their annihilation with them. The waves become quiet and mirror the brilliant sun radiating through the reasonable sky. Youngsters come out and start to play. The nursery workers come back to their plants, clearing up the rest of the flotsam and jetsam. Adolescents escape the discard and run back to their vehicles, excited that they have another story to tell. Gradually and step by step individuals come back to their exercises and life goes on. Experimental writing

The Secret to Success of Sumerian Civilization - Free Essay Example

A culture brings together people by sharing social habits, language, religion, behaviors, and interactions. The Epic of Gilgamesh introduces us to the magnificent Sumerian Civilization. They invented and gave meaning to the idea of what a civilization truly consisted of; however, to create a well-functioning civilization, values, moral ideas, and social behavior rules need come to together as one and be practiced by the people. I will be expanding on the moral ideas that Sumerians believed in such as religion, strict social hierarchies, and assigned tasks and responsibilities according to gender. Sumerians are believed to have arrived before 3000 B.C. Villages consisted of reed-huts and sun-dried brick houses which they inherited from the illiterates who lived there before. They were the first literate inhabitants of Mesopotamia and were gifted people who influenced laws, language, and ideas. Worshipping the gods and religion were important rituals in their lives. They were strong believers that prayer and sacrifice would bring them closer to the gods. It was crucial for every city to have these beautiful buildings decorated with mosaics and reliefs called ziggurat (temples), strictly dedicated to worship. In relation to religion, divine kingship was a sacred moral idea that they practiced as well. Sumerians had set expectations for their rulers to live up to; this was known as the ideal Shepherd Kingship. Rulers were expected to protect civilians from invasions, provide safety and well-being to their people on behalf of the gods. A social hierarchy was another important idea in Sumerian culture. An individuals rank was a sufficient way to determine what was proper and ethical in society. The top of the social triangle began with the upper-class nobles such as priests, government officials and most importantly warriors. Then followed skilled workers like merchants, traders, and artisans and at the bottom of the triangle were slaves. Priests and upper-class men would often give work to the poor and hire slaves to maintain their crops and give them responsibility on all manual labor. Those at the top of the social structure had the idea that slaves were given by the gods to give people with more power victory to have control of those inferior to them. As mentioned before, social hierarchy was crucial and important to Sumerians. Within the social structure, believe it or not, some wealthy with a higher economic status had the opportunity to learn how to read and write for them to represent their families in business and legal matter. Lower-income women were held responsible for the maintenance of households and child-care. They could not attend school; instead, they stayed home, learned household chores and as they got older, prepare themselves for marriage. As for the male population, power was given to them much easier because of their gender. They were in power of their wives actions; they could sleep with other women that werent their wives and dominated their lives. Here is an example of King Gilgamesh mistreating womens values and still being considered a king in The Epic of Gilgamesh, anonymous author states, His lust leaves no virgin to her lover, neither the warriors daughter nor the wife of the noble; yet this is the shepherd of the city, wise, comely, and resolute. In current times, there is a high chance a ruler or a man with higher power doing something like this could create chaos and debate but its important to remember that ancient times held different values than the ones in society now. Despite the differences between our engraved values, the Sumerian culture deserves respect and appreciation for their incredible inventions gifted to modern society. Some being fundamental like writing, geometry, and architecture, others being inventions that have changed the way people see the world in modern time. Sumerians successful developments formed an organized civilization along with innovations that are used even in our world today and will continue to influence future civilizations decades and decades from now and beyond.

The White Collar Crime And Economic Crimes - 2126 Words

In India, the Law Commission in its 29th Report pointed out more or less the same factors as responsible for the rise of economic crimes, particularly, the white collar crimes. It observed, â€Å"The advance of technological and scientific development is contributing to the emergence of mass society, with a large rank and file and small controlling elite, encouraging the growth of monopolies, the rise of managerial class and intricate institutional mechanisms. Strict adherence to a high standard of ethical behavior is necessary for the event and honest functioning of the new social, political and economic processes. The inability of all sections of society to appreciate in full this need results in the emergence of growth of white collar crime and economic crimes. Steps taken to deal with the problem of Corporate Crimes In various countries various steps have been taken of enacting suitable laws to deal with the problem of corporate crimes. The steps include the legislative, administrative and executive measures. For example, in United States, the Sherman Anti Trust Act of 1890was one of the most important legislative enactments to deal with the financial problems created by the business and economic organizations. The American Congress had passed this Act to limit effectively the exercise of monopolies. The Act prohibited any contract, conspiracy or combination of business interests in restraint of foreign or interest trade. This legislation was followed by the Clayton AntiShow MoreRelatedThe And White Collar Crime897 Words   |  4 Pages1. Literature Review Crimes have been occurring in our society for many years and recently the occurrence of non-violent crimes has increased dramatically. Traditional and white collar crimes have two traits in common, an objective and a modus operandi, but the major difference is that a white collar criminal has a plan and also the ability, knowledge and technology to execute it (Nevis, 2012). White-collar crimes can occur at any occupational level and affects all parts of society, from big businessesRead MoreWhite Collar Crimes And Street Crimes1431 Words   |  6 PagesCrimes are one of the many things that all humans have in common. Whether it be a serious crime or not, everyone can commit a crime and go to jail for it. There are two types of crime that can be considered complete opposites of each other. They are white collar crimes and street crimes. White collar crimes are considered nonviolent crimes committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his/her occupation such as fraud, embezzlement, or bribery. On the other hand,Read MoreWhite Collar Crime Is A Serious Issue Essay1124 Words   |  5 PagesWhite collar crime is a serious issue in the United States. White-collar crime is â€Å"a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation† (cornell.edu). Examples of such off enses include bribery, credit card fraud, insurance fraud, bank fraud, blackmail, extortion, forgery, securities fraud, tax evasion, embezzlement, repair scams, Ponzi and pyramid schemes. These non-violent crimes are responsible for an estimated $250 billion to $1 trillion inRead MoreWhite Collar Crime Theories, Laws, and Processes785 Words   |  3 PagesWhite Collar Crime Theories, Laws, and Processes Name Tutor Course Title Date Submitted White Collar Crime Theories, Laws, and Processes: The term white collar crime was first introduced by Edwin Sutherland, a criminologist and sociologist, in 1939. The criminologist defined the term as offenses committed by individuals of respectability and high social status while in their different occupations. He also included criminal offenses carried out by corporations and other lawful organizationsRead More The Tragedy of White-Collar Crime Essay examples932 Words   |  4 Pagesdefault swaps are not words not known to everyday citizens. The economic downturn forced society to ask question not normally asked. The reality that there are criminal who has assessed too many people retirement and investment is a shocking and alarming to the non-professional investor. When someone is in a legitimate occupation and committing, an illegal act is a white-collar crime. â€Å"To be more concise white - collar crime is define as any illegal act, punishable by a criminal sanctionRead More‘A Peacemaking Approach To Criminology’ Was Written By1503 Words   |  7 Pagespromoting a humane way of handling crime and deviants. The book proposes a peaceable way of dealing with offenders in a manner that accords respect to human rights. Further, Gesualdi notes that the criminal justice system is concentrated on inflicting harm on the offenders by punishing them. He argues that the system is fixated on the notion of reacting to crime rather than prevention. Hence, the book proposes an approach where restorative justice and prevention of crime can be accommodated in the criminalRead MoreEss ay on White Collar Crime and Corporate Crime1509 Words   |  7 PagesWhite Collar crime is not a crime unto it self, but instead a criteria that has to be met in order for a crime to be considered as White- Collar Crime; (Blount, 2002) hence the reason why Corporate Crime is also considered as White- Collar Crime. At the same time, White Collar Crime and Corporate Crime can be seen as distinct criminological categories, however, in order to reveal this, this essay will firstly be exploring Sutherlands definition of white collar crime and the perplexity with thisRead MoreExercise 3: White Collar Crime. In A Looking Glass Of A1448 Words   |  6 PagesExercise 3: White Collar Crime In a looking glass of a sociologist, we can see white collar crime in our everyday world. When it presents itself; the victims are left hurt and the rest in awe of their awful actions. White Collar Crime is defined as â€Å"White collar crime overlaps with corporate crime because the opportunity for fraud, bribery, insider trading, embezzlement, computer crime, and forgery is more available to white-collar employees.† stated by James Henslin. White Collar Crime can be seenRead MoreWhite Collar Crimes And Street Crimes1083 Words   |  5 PagesWhite-collar crimes are just as prevalent today as ordinary street crimes. Studies show that criminal acts committed by white-collar criminals continue to increase due to unforeseen opportunities presented in the corporate world, but these crimes are often overlooked or minimally publicized in reference to criminal acts on the street. Many street crimes are viewed as unnecessary, horrendous crimes because they are committed by lower cla ss citizens, whereas white collar crimes are illegal acts committedRead MoreThe City Of Wortropolis Faced An Economic Recession996 Words   |  4 Pagesfaced an economic recession between 1980-2000. Wortropolis was a city that thrived from 1950-1980 with an economy based on large-scale manufacturing. The unemployment rate was 3% and the majority of residents owned their homes. In 1980 the city was hit with corporate frauds and illegal investment practices which lead to the collapse of the banking sector. The banking sector collapse lead to the economic recession. The recession caused problems of increased poverty, social inequality, and crime. Between

Prohibition And Its Effect On Society - 2100 Words

Since the birth of our nation, people have always had different opinions about alcohol and the harms that it can cause. However, prohibition, bootlegging, and other things of that nature really took off in 1900’s, specifically during the roaring 20’s. Murder had also increased drastically as well as problems between gangs. Back in the early 1800-1900’s, alcohol was used for everything. People used alcohol to relieve stress or make money and even used it for medicine. Those who were sick would drink it for more energy. Not only were adults using it, but children and babies too. A crying baby would be given alcohol to help it relax and sleep. Children would drink it at the table with their family and friends. Alcohol was used for a lot and†¦show more content†¦She had always disagreed with the use of alcohol in any way. She was elected President of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union. She often closed down saloons in towns with prayer and demands. But even though her and other women did such things, they were ignored in the long run. After being fed up with being ignored time and time again, she decided to gather up rocks, sticks, and other things and go to saloons and hit bottles, mirrors, and windows. After running out of that, she would get her hatchet that eventually signifi ed her fight for prohibition. But while she and other WCTU members were doing what they could to support it, a different group of men were doing what they could to show people that banning alcohol would better the United States. In 1893, Howard H. Russell founded the Anti-Saloon League. Their goal was to help save people from the evil of alcohol and the dangers it can bring. The Anti-Saloon League believed in agitating the public and offering their opinions to help persuade the people, kind of like the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, or WCTU. Those groups also tried to raise money for their cause. They would stand in areas protesting and trying to make money. They also asked churches to pledge their contributions of 1$ or less a month to them. With their money they would hire advocates to ask for public and political support. The groups would hire according to elections and who they could get to enforceShow MoreRelatedEssay about Effect Prohibition Had On Society2681 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"Communism is like prohibition, it is a good idea, but it won’t work.† (Will Rogers) Nothing in today’s society would be the way it is without history. There have been many triumphs and tragedies, losses and gains throughout America’s history. As for Prohibition, it is unsure as to what its purpose was. Prohibition was a law passed to make the sale of alcoholic beverages banned. However, through many years of determination to stay alive, the Prohibition Act’s fate was failure. Our leaders droveRe ad MoreIs the Prohibition of Drugs Useful or Not? Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pagesthe twentieth century, people in many countries become aware of drug prohibition. In fact, every country in the world has a form of drugs prohibition. However, national drug prohibition started in 1920s in the United States as a subgroup of national alcohol prohibition. In 1930 the congress of United States separated drugs from the alcohol prohibition law and created a new federal drug prohibition agency (Levine, 2002). Prohibition may be defined as the set of policies which ban all production, distributionRead MoreHow did the Prohibition Change the United States of America (USA)? And why was it a failure?1490 Words   |  6 PagesThe word Prohibition as stated in the World Book encyclopaedia refers to laws that are designed to prevent the drinking of alcoholic beverages. The enforcement of the Volstead Act in the United States of America (USA) saw the nationwide beginning of the prohibition on the 16th of January 1920. The Prohibition brought about a change in attitude for the people of the United States (USA). It caused an extreme rise in crime; encouraging everyday people to break the law and increased the amount ofRead MoreCultural Issues Created by the Prohibition Era. 813 Words   |  3 PagesWhile the prohibition movement of the early twentieth century was brought on with a wholesome and moral mindset, the economic, political, and cultural factors relating to its origins and enactment untim ely doomed it for failure. Such groups as the Women’s Christian Temperance Union and the progressive party argued that drinking was the cause of political corruption, crime, bad labor conditions, and a declining sense of family values. These groups’ protests and rallies gained enormous support quicklyRead MoreThe Prohibition During The 1920s1590 Words   |  7 PagesThe Prohibition during the 1920s has been widely scrutinized and is often used as an example today to show how banning a specific substance after it has been in wide circulation is a wasted effort. Many historians, economists, and Americans have analyzed the complications during the Prohibition and have culminated their thoughts to provide an accurate and in depth analysis of what caused the Prohibition to fail. Similarly, experts have presented data that shows just how drastically each year differedRead More absolut Failure Essay1685 Words   |  7 PagesThe social changes during this period are reflected in the laws and regulatio ns that were implemented. One of the most prominent examples of this was prohibition. The 18th Amendment to the Constitution, or the Volsted act as it is also know, was implemented to eliminate the use of alcohol in the United States. In doing this, the advocates of prohibition hoped to also eradicate the social problems associated with alcohol. â€Å"It was an attempt to promote Protestant middle-class culture as a means of imposingRead MoreNegative and Positive Effects of Prohibition in Canada1061 Words   |  5 Pagesthe years of 1918-1920 Canada had a brief moment of prohibition. During this period in time drinking alcohol was considered illegal. As a result many negative and positive side effects had taken place in the country. Although the ban of alcohol may have been able to do great good on Canada, the people’s reaction to it completely flipped it around. Although it may have been overall a disastrous idea; Canada still managed to benefit from prohibition just like the United States (maybe even more). AlthoughRead MoreAn Example Of How Society Changed Change1198 Words   |  5 PagesPerrotta Crim 220-001 Instructor John Murphy Prompt: Discuss an example of how society was changed due to a change in law: Prohibition. The law is changing everyday for many reasons; these reasons may include Alcohol, Drugs, New ideas, Advancements, Government, Economics, Religion, Education, Family life, Recreation, and New technologies. Crime is the reason America has had to create rules to keep order to our society. These rules are followed my most citizens and those that chose to not followRead MoreProhibition Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesProhibition The 18th amendment, known as prohibition, had America in fits when it was ratified in 1919. The government was hoping to achieve a healthier, efficient society with good morals and a break for women from receiving beatings from drunken husbands. Although the motives behind prohibition were reasonable, it was so corrupted from the beginning that it never could have successfully been carried out. America became a lawless period, and many Americans felt that if they could get away withRead MoreProhibition Led to the Rapid Growth of Organized Crime1419 Words   |  6 PagesProhibition Led to the Rapid Growth of Organized Crime Prohibition was a period in which the sale, manufacture, or transport of alcoholic beverages became illegal. It started January 16, 1919 and continued to December 5, 1933. Although it was designed to stop drinking completely, it did not even come close. It simply created a large number of bootleggers who were able to supply the public with illegal alcohol. Many of these bootleggers became very rich and influential through selling alcohol

Slaves were acquired in a few different free essay sample

Slaves were acquired in a few different ways. Sometimes the capturers would simply hide out and wait for a passer-by. Some traded for goods, as mentioned above, and other Africans who would receive pay captured some. However acquired, their fate would depend on physical and mental toughness. In order to survive what lay ahead these two qualities were essential for survival. Many Africans believed they were going to be eaten by the Europeans. This was a rumor that traveled among the captive slaves. There were also rumors circulating among white slave traders about a grisly incident that took place in 1724 on an English slave ship commanded byCaptain John Hardin. Believing that the slaves onboard his ships were plotting a revolt, Harding ordered the arrest Of the man whom he believed to be the ringleader. In front of the other captives, the mans throat was cut and his heart and liver were cut out. We will write a custom essay sample on Slaves were acquired in a few different or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then Captain Harding ordered the bloody heart and liver to be cut into three hundred pieces, and he forced each of the horrified captives to eat a piece by threatening to do the same thing to them if they refused. The the experience so traumatized and disgusted the captives that many of them refused all food after that and gradually starved o death.Death of slaves on board was very common. There are several reasons slaves died during the Middle Passage. Starvation and malnutrition were common slave ships. Sometimes captains underestimated the amount of food needed or the journey took longer than expected and therefore the slaves went hungry. Some slaves refused to eat in hopes to die. Disease and sickness also affected slave survival rates. Many of the diseases came from the Europeans and very few doctors could treat the slaves. Ship doctors rarely understood the causes of diseases that the captives suffered from. If he illness or disease was treatable, appropriate medical care was difficult given the situation and numbers. Some of the illnesses could be blamed on changes in diet and contaminated water. Dysentery, dehydration, and scurvy were direct results of those changes. Other fevers such as malaria and small pox were major killers during the voyage. An account of the slave ship, the Regard, records losing 142 slaves to small pox in 1706. The Indian Queen lost 140 slaves in 1 716 to small pox and 45 slaves had advance signs of the disease while 43 more showed early stages of the disease upon cocking .Men, women and children alike endured all of the conditions mentioned. No one person was given a better chance of survival over the journey. Women however, faced other burdens during the voyage that men and children were not exposed to. Sexual abuse and rape from ship creamers was very common. Some women were captured during pregnancy and forced to give birth aboard the ship. Other women had to make the journey across the Atlantic pregnant and gave birth soon after arriving in the colonies. Numbers on this subject are unknown but it has been documented that it did occur.

Zero-Emission Vehicles Barriers To Overcome Essay Example

Zero-Emission Vehicles: Barriers To Overcome Essay Zero-emission vehicles (ZEV) are vehicles that produce very little or no carbon emissions. ZEVs include battery-operated vehicles and vehicles which run on hydrogen fuel cells. In 1990, California became one of the first states to pass legislation establishing a ZEV program at the state level (Union of Concerned Scientists, 2008). Since that time, concerns over pollution, dependency on foreign oil, and other economic issues have increase interest in ZEV technology and have led other states to adopt similar policies. A measurable and meaningful shift towards ZEV, however, has not yet developed. Several barriers have prevented the implementation and consumer acceptance of ZEV technology. Overcoming these barriers will be an important challenge for policy makers and engineers in the future. Problems with infrastructure Cars, trucks, and other vehicles in the United States use either gasoline or diesel for fuel. Consequently, the fuel delivery system for the country is set up to handle these two products. Cars that use alternative fuels, including alternative fuels that are as relatively common as propane or natural gas, have a difficult time finding refueling stations. The lack of reliable refueling stations for these alternative fuels prevents the widespread user of vehicles that use alternative fuels. Owners of propane-powered cars and trucks, for example, must plan their trips and travel itineraries around the availability of fuel. This problem is increased dramatically as more exotic fuels are added to the mix. For example, while hydrogen fuel cells may provide a clean and affordable alternative to gasoline powered cars, there are currently no commercial refueling stations for hydrogen fuel cells. If the driver of such a vehicle was to try to make a trip of any reasonable distance, he or she would eventually run out of fuel and would be forced to change plans. The lack of hydrogen stations has created a veritable Catch-22 for commercial hydrogen technology. On the one hand, fuel providers are unlikely to create a distribution system for hydrogen fuel until there is a greater demand for their products. Unfortunately, the lack of a commercial hydrogen distribution system that is capable of servicing a fleet of hydrogen-powered cars has prevented any serious development of this technology. This problem will probably require some type of public-private partnership to be resolved. The government could provide support to create a hydrogen distribution network that could provide fuel for hydrogen-powered cars. Private investors could be encouraged through tax incentives and other government subsidies to develop the distribution network until such time that there are sufficient customers to support the new industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Zero-Emission Vehicles: Barriers To Overcome specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Zero-Emission Vehicles: Barriers To Overcome specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Zero-Emission Vehicles: Barriers To Overcome specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Fuel cell technology faces a similar problem. It is true that there is a highly-developed electrical energy grid that is already established in the United States. Some consumers believe that all they will have to do is simply plug their battery-powered cars into any convenient outlet to recharge their batteries. Unfortunately, this perception may not be completely accurate. While the grid is in place, the ability of that grid to support the energy needs of millions of battery powered cars is not guaranteed. It is very likely that the current energy grid might simply collapse under the additional burden of millions of drivers plugging in their cars to recharge over night. As the country switches to battery-powered vehicles, it will eventually become necessary to provide more electrical energy, either through wind, solar, or nuclear power. The addition of these extra sources, however, will still not be sufficient unless the distribution system can handle the additional load.   This w ill require an upgrade of the current energy grid to handle the increased power demands. Industry problems A similar Catch-22 exists for the automobile manufacturers. Car companies must invest millions of dollars into the research and development (RD) of new models of traditional vehicles. They do this because they are reasonably sure, based on their market research, that consumers will like their new product and that they will be rewarded for their research. Along with the usual amount of RD that is to be expected of any new model car, the development of a ZEV will require the additional expense of developing new technologies. It is unrealistic, for example, to expect a ZEV engine to propel a chassis and body type that was designed for an internal combustion engine. Not only will the automobile manufacture need to develop a new ZEV propulsion system, but the company will also have to develop a body and chassis that can work with that new engine. This will require retooling and reconfiguring existing plants and/or the construction of new manufacturing facilities that are dedicated to the production of ZEV products. This is a huge expense with an unsure payoff, at least in the short term. Car companies may have a difficult time justifying this expense at a time when they are already almost bankrupt. Once again, the solution seems to lie in a partnership between government and the private sector. Government can help car companies to develop the technology that is required to mass-produce commercially-viable ZEV products. At the same time, private investors can provide capital to create the manufacturing facilities to produce the cars. Economic barriers Increased demands for electricity (in the case of battery powered cars) will drive up the cost of electricity for other purposes. This price increase will affect all consumers, not just the consumers who happen to purchase ZEVs. Increases in prices for electricity could affect the profitability of businesses, household budgets, and governments that are required to pay the electric bills for the areas in their jurisdictions. The popularity of ZEVs could suffer if the public perceives that these vehicles are increasing fuel prices. That perception will become more dramatic if ZEVs are perceived as causing or contributing to blackouts or brownouts due to an insufficient power supply. Public Perception The problems of available alternative fuels and their distribution are real problems. They can, however, be solved, given enough time and resources that are devoted to finding a solution. These problems, however, are complicated by the public awareness of them and the perception that they will be difficult to overcome. The transition from a petroleum-powered car fleet to a nation-wide fleet of battery or hydrogen cars represents a major shift not only in technology but in the publics definition of a car. Such massive change does not come easily to people, especially to people who are used to convenient and relatively inexpensive transportation. People will have to rethink the concept of what a car is, what fuel is, and how these products are purchased and used by consumers. Americans like big cars. This attitude changed somewhat during the most recent round of gasoline price increases, but there are still millions of Americans who drive SUVs or other gas-guzzling vehicles. Americans, for the most part, think of smaller cars as somehow less secure, less safe, and less prestigious than large cars. This mentality represents a serious psychological barrier for the development of alternative fuels and the cars that will use them. Until Americans change their perception of cars and overcome this psychological barrier, it is unlikely that cars that use alternative fuels will have enough of a market demand to justify their production. It is true that Honda, Hyundai, and other automobile manufacturers have done very well with smaller cars. However, even these relatively smaller cars are still larger than the typical ZEV would need to be in order to be commercially viable. Automobile manufactures and the government will need to use a combined strategy of public e ducation and advertising to create a greater demand for these cars. Conclusion Ultimately, the United States and the other nations of the world have no choice but to switch to ZEVs or other vehicles that do not burn fossil fuels. The price surge of the summer of 2008 demonstrated how vulnerable the global economy is to fluctuations in oil prices and how easily those prices may be manipulated by small groups of individuals. There is also the problem of a finite supply of oil reserves in the world. While it will be some time before the world is out of oil, it is very likely that demand will exceed production capabilities at some time in the very near future. This gap between supply and demand will drive up prices and will make gasoline powered cars inoperable in some cases. There are also environmental considerations. The link between fossil fuels, pollution, and environmental change has been well established. This is not to say that ZEVs will not come with their own set of environmental problems, including the problem of disposing of used batteries and depleted hydrogen cells. These new problems, however, can be resolved as the technology is developed. Engineers and policy makers must address both the technical and the psychological barriers to market if ZEVs are to become commercially viable in the United States. These will be difficult challenges; yet they can be accomplished if the government and private industry are willing to work together. References Union of Concerned Scientists Union of Concerned Scientists (2008). Californias Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Program. Retrieved December 12, 2008, from http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_vehicles/solutions/advanced_vehicles_and_fuels/californias-zero-emission-3.html

Hemophilia in the Royal Family essays

Hemophilia in the Royal Family essays Hemophilia is a genetic disorder passed from one generation to the next through the X (female) chromosome. It is a disease in which the blood does not clot normally, due to abnormalities in some blood proteins that cause clotting. People with hemophilia (hemophiliacs) have blood that clots very slowly. They are in constant danger of bleeding to death, even if they have a minor injury. Surgery or even dental work can also be very risky. Although women transmit the disease, only men can exhibit it. Women who carry hemophilia (carriers) have the gene on one of their X chromosomes. Since the gene is recessive, they do not have the disorder. But if a male has the bad gene, then he will be a hemophiliac because there is no matching gene on his Y chromosome to be dominant to it. Females must have the gene on both X chromosomes to have hemophilia. In the past, most hemophiliacs died young, but today, they can be treated with blood transfusions. The following is a chart of the hemop hilia trait in one family over two generations. Hemophilia is often called the disease of kings because it was carried by many members of Europes royal family. Queen Victoria of England was a carrier of hemophilia and passed the disease to many of her descendants including the Russian emperors family and the Spanish royal family). Victoria bore nine children. The first two, Victoria and Edward, were perfectly healthy. The third, Alice, and the ninth, Beatrice, were carriers of the hemophilia gene. The eighth, Leopold, was a hemophiliac. He married the German princess Helen of Waldeck, but they had just two years of happiness. Gambling in Cannes, Leopold fell, hit his head, and died of a brain hemorrhage at the age of 31. Victorias youngest daughter, Beatrice, passed the hemophilia gene on to her daughter, Victoria-Eugenie, who married King Alfonso XIII of Spain. Of the four sons she bore him, two, Alfonso, who later became King, a...

Comparitive political systems questions on the government and Essay

Comparitive political systems questions on the government and constitutions of chile - Essay Example tries and four cabinet level agencies that serve exclusively at the presidents discretion.1,2 The president is responsible for maintaining public order, assuring external national security, and serving as commander in chief of the armed forces.3 In addition, the president has the sole authority to appoint Supreme Court judges, Army commanders, and diplomats without the confirmation of the legislature.4 Many of these broad presidential powers were granted by the constitution adopted in 1980.5 The Chilean legislature is a bicameral structure known collectively as the National Congress. It is composed of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, which co-legislate and share oversight responsibilities.6 These branches are noted as the lower and upper house. The Chilean legislature has a committee system that writes legislation and approves bills for voting. In addition, there is an amendment process that allows legislators and sometimes the presidential branch to offer amendments to bills before coming to a vote.7 The National Congress is presided over by the President of the Senate who is elected by the body of senators. In addition to the senators elected by public vote, groups such as former ministers of the Supreme Court, former Comptroller General, former Commanders in Chief of the Army, Navy and Air Force, and former Presidents of the Republic are also represented in the Senate.8 The executive branch may at times act as a legislature with the power to introduce bills, m ake amendments, and submit constitutional amendments.9 Chiles constitution, adopted in 1980, discusses at length the electoral system for the President as well as the National Congress. In addition, it determines the requirements of age and citizenship required to run for office. The Presidency requires that the candidate get an absolute majority of the popular vote, which may require a runoff election if there are more than two candidates.10 The legislature is also elected by direct ballot from

Love Office of Community Oriented Policing Services Essay

Love Office of Community Oriented Policing Services - Essay Example The police officers will regularly tour the schools to spot bullies and victims. Upon finding a bully incident, the police officers can immediately arrest the bullies and drag them to jail for the filing of the appropriate charges. However, schools follow traditional norms of hiring the security guards to handle the school’s anti-bullying efforts. The guards arrest students who bully the teachers, administrators, school employees, and students. In addition, Scott Berinato (2007) emphasized the school guards can reduce the 27 percent K-12 bullying statistics in United States schools. The police will enter the bullying scene when requested by school authorities, students, parents, and other affected persons. Police records show that the current bullying scene includes 27 percent of K -12 students classified as bullying victims. The bullying statistics includes 8 percent of teachers being threatened by bullies in elementary and secondary schools. Specifically, the school administ ration of New England School refused to allow the police to have access to the controls of the school cameras. The police wanted full control in order to take full charge in case a school shooting incident or illegal activity. However, the police were only allowed to view the camera’s films of the school shooting incident. ... 12 defined policing as â€Å"a philosophy that promotes organizational strategies, which support the systematic use of partnerships and problem-solving techniques, to proactively address the immediate conditions that give rise to public safety issues such as crime, social disorder, and fear of crime.† Consequently, the police must encourage the school administration to do its share to effectively prevent or reduce the bullying statistics within the school’s premises. Furthermore, the above police department article Bullying in Schools (Sampson, 2009) states that bullying is composed of two components, repeated harmful acts and imbalance of power. It involves repeated physical, verbal, or psychological attacks or intimidation directed against a victim who cannot properly defend him or herself due to the assailants’ size or strength, or the victim is outnumbered or psychologically resilient. European and Scandinavian studies show that bullies are aggressive, domina nt, and slightly below average intelligence and reading ability. Additional research shows bullies compensate their poor social skills with bullying strategies. Bully victims are generally smaller and weaker than the school bullies. In addition, Anne Garrett (2003) reported accused 2007 shooter, Andy Williams, was a constant victim or target of California’s Santana High School’s bullies. Williams shot the students who bullied him. Several years after the Williams shooting spree, a study showed that one half of Santana High School students did not feel safe inside the school’s premises. In addition, one third of the students of Santana High School reported they were victims of the school bullies’ constant verbal abuses. In addition, 17 percent of same

The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Example for Free

The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Throughout the study of literature, it is believed that most works cannot be fully understood without a biographical strategy. In order to understand a work, the reader must understand the author’s life and experiences to grasp the full concept of that work. In Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† Gilman uses symbolism, personification, and other literary tools to portray the way women were treated throughout this particular era. Gilman also uses a romanticism approach when writing â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†. The narrator believes that the woman trapped in the wallpaper, symbolizes her and all the other women living in the male dominant society. Romanticism represents an art for arts sake. Born in 1860, Charlotte Perkins Gilman was forced into an era of male supremacy. Gilman was abandoned by her father from infancy and often left into the care of relatives including Harriet Beecher Stowe and feminist activists, Isabella Beecher Hooker and Catherine Beecher. Strong and influential women, struggling for their place in a male dominant world, shaped Gilman’s childhood. The women made Gilman an independent young lady, teaching her importance of exercise and philosophy, over that of clothes and jewelry. At the age of 24, Gilman married her first husband, Charles Walter Stetson. After having her daughter the next year, Gilman went into a deep depression. The noted neurologist, S. Weir Mitchell, examined her. He told her to follow his ‘rest cure’ of complete bed rest and limited intellectual activity. This meant no writing. Gilman realized that this ridiculous cure was actually driving her more insane, so she removed herself from Mitchells care. When her health got better during a trip to California she paired her emotional problems to her marriage and decided to leave her husband. In 1900, Gilman married for the second time to her cousin George Houghton Gilman. Gilman continued her feministic journey until discovering she was diagnosed with Breast Cancer. She left a final note that read, â€Å"When one is assured of unavoidable and imminent death, it is the simplest of human rights to choose a quick and easy death in place of a slow and horrible one. Charlotte Perkins Gilman took her life on August 17, 1935, in Pasadena, California, at the age of 75. Gilman’s main intent in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† is to portray the way women were viewed and treated during this time period. In the later 19th century, men were the superior race. Women oftentimes went from being born into a house with a father; to being married off to someone they weren’t exactly happy to be with, leaving no time for a woman to experience life without someone â€Å"in-charge† of them. Gilman did not want to be like other woman of this time, she redefined womanhood, proclaiming that men and women were to be equal. This ‘new woman’ was to be an intelligent, well-informed, and well-educated free thinker, the creator and expresser of her own ideas. She was to be economically self-sufficient, socially independent, and politically active. She would share the opportunities, duties, and responsibilities of the workplace with men, and together they would share the solitude of the hearth. Finally, the new woman was to be as informed, assertive, confident, and influential as she was compassionate, nurturing, loving, sensitivea woman of the world as well as of the home. Gilmans vision of an autonomous female challenged not only the traditional cult of true womanhood but the concepts and values of family, home, religion, community, capitalism, and democracy. † (De Simone) â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† starts off with the main character, Jane, talking of a â€Å"colonial mansion,† that seems to be a place to vacation. Gilman gives detail of this set-back home that almost gives the reader an eerie feeling, which foreshadows events to come. When Jane starts to describe her husband, she gives the sense that he mocks her and he often laughs at her. This symbolization gives insight to her own life where she often felt mocked and taken for granted by men. As the story goes in deeper, Jane tells that she is going to the house because of the rest care she was prescribed, very similar to that of Gilman’s. When they get to the house, Jane enables the reader to see the room with the yellow wallpaper. The windows were barred and there were restraints on the bed and she tells of scratches on the walls and ceilings. Jane believes that this room could have been a nursery or a babysitting room, but this does not make sense because when Jane reaches out to scratch the walls, she can barely even touch. How could a young child have ever reached if Jane, a grown woman, could not? As time goes on, Jane gradually learns to enjoy the room she is staying in, except for the dreaded yellow wallpaper. After being in the room for so long and dwelling on the wallpaper, Jane discovers someone trapped behind it. Jane believes she is getting better in health, but secretly is becoming obsessed with the woman, or so she believes, behind the wallpaper. Throughout the story, Gilman uses the romanticism approach. Romanticism expresses sensibility and passion. A romantic writer incorporates symbols, myths and images in their writing to help tell the story. Jane recognizes herself as the women trapped in the wallpaper. She believes that it symbolizes her feeling trapped in the house and under the control of her husband. She uses the Gilman tells of the room with barred windows and restraints as if it were a normalcy. Reading more into the story, the reader can gather that Gilman was symbolizing this room as a woman in a man’s world. The windows are barred, showing that there is no escape from that way, as there is no escaping a man in the universe. The restraints symbolize that a man can hold a woman back, along with keeping her close so that she doesn’t wander off. The idea of the woman creeping behind the paper mirrors Jane creeping to write, while being told that it is not recommended for her treatment. Although the ideas may be far out, the story that Gilman tells reflects her own life in many ways. When Gilman introduces the woman behind the wallpaper, it’s almost as if she is introducing herself into the story. Jane possesses many qualities and characteristics that Gilman portrayed in her own life and when Jane sees the woman in the wallpaper, it’s just like Gilman’s conflict with her own mind. It symbolizes a woman’s want to break away from society and be her own person in this world that has a complete control over her. Whether it’s a father, husband, or even brother, this time period focused on male’s first. The woman was told what to do and how to act and there was no room left for questions or disobedience. â€Å"Life is very much more exciting now than it used to be. You see I have something more to expect, to look forward to, to watch. I really do eat better, and am more quiet than I was. John is so pleased to see me improve! He laughed a little the other day, and said I seemed to be flourishing in spite of my wall-paper. † (Gilman 165) This quote displays Jane’s new obsession with the wallpaper and the thought that she is truly getting better. The fact that she mentions John’s happiness with her health leads the reader to think that he is a caring man, but after understanding Gilman’s own life, makes the reader see him as the domineering husband that he is. ’Ive got out at last,’ said I, ‘in spite of you and Jane. And Ive pulled off most of the paper, so you cant put me back! ’ Now why should that man have fainted? But he did, and right across my path by the wall, so that I had to creep over him every time! † This last quote is one of the most meaningful parts of the entire short story. While saying this, Jane makes herself become the woman in the wallpaper. Not only is it just a thought anymore, but when she lashes at her husband by saying â€Å"you and Jane,† Jane loses her sense of identity and takes on the role of the woman behind the wallpaper. She tells him that he cannot put her back, symbolizing that Jane does no longer want to be restrained to the room, nor him. Even after he faints, he is still in Jane’s way, leaving her to creep around him still. â€Å"Even while considering herself a writer, and implying that she could have been a notable artist, throughout her life, Gilman qualified her artistic achievements by insisting that what she had done was ‘perfect of its kind, but not art'; that she was devoted to ‘literature and lecturing,’ but that her writing was ‘not, in the artistic sense, literature. (Heilmann) Gilman was an impeccable example of what happens when a woman’s potential is seen over. She led a successful life and her work has helped the female race raise awareness of their capability in life. Although Gilman lived a long time ago, her work then has given females today a better understanding of where they have been, but also where they are going.

Explore the Stylistic Conventions of Both - Notes from a Small Island - :: English Literature

Explore the Stylistic Conventions of Both - Notes from a Small Island - and - In Patagonia - and account for their different audiences. Bill Bryson and Bruce Chatwin both participate in the ability to Travel write. Travel writing is were one would travel and then list in chronological order what they have experienced. Bill Bryson is able to do this in an entirely different fashion, to Bruce Chatwin. Bill Bryson was born in Des Moines, Iowa, in 1951. Bryson settled in England in 1977, and lived for numerous years with his British wife and children in Yorkshire. Bryson then went back to America, but has now returned to England. As well as writing ‘Notes from a small Island’ Bryson has also written ‘down Under’ ‘Notes from a big Country’ ‘A walk in the Woods’ ‘Made in America’ ‘Neither here nor there’ and ‘The lost Continent’.[1] Bruce Chatwin was born in Sheffield in 1940. After attending Marborough School he began work as a Porter at Sotheby’s, which is an auctioneer. Chatwin became one of the youngest directors at Sotheby’s and then Chatwin abandoned his job to explore the world, as his dedication was travel writing. During 1972 and 1975 Chatwin worked for the Sunday Times and quickly announced his departure for in a telegram; ‘Gone to Patagonia for six months’. This journey motivated to write the first of his books which was simply named, In Patagonia. In Patagonia won The Hawthornden Prize and the E.M. Forster award and launched his writing profession. Two of Chatwins films have been made into feature films, The Viceroy Oiudah (retitled Cobra Verde) directed by Werner Herzog and the British film. Bruce Chatwin has also written ‘On the Black Hill’, ‘The Song Lines’ ‘The Viceroy of Ouidah’.[2] Before Bryson’s begins his story, he writes a prologue of his first encounter with Britain and how inviting it was for him. Bryson elaborates on why he returned to England in 1995. Bill Bryson gives an interpretation of his first time in England which was more exclusively Dover in 1973. In the front of Bill Bryson’s book is an image of Britain surrounded by small sketches. Once I had read I became conscious that this map mirrored the style of writing used in the book, light-hearted. Chatwin developed an interest for Patagonia at a young age. Chatwin tells us about his earliest memories of his grandmother, and being at her house; ‘In my grandmother’s dining room was a glass-fronted cabinet†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢[3] Chatwin is talking about his personal experience directly, although he doesn’t begin with his journey in Patagonia. Chatwin is unfolding this tale to his audience in great detail; this story helps the reader

Why Fat People are Funny In Hollywood

The quote listed in the title comes from 2009 box-office hit The Hangover. The events that incite Mr. Chow (played by Ken Jeong) to say laughing â€Å"it's funny because he's fat† feature Alan Garner (played by Zach Galifianakis) charging at Mr. Chow, who is stomping on Alan's satchel, and exclaiming â€Å"Hey! There are skittles in there! † (Hangover 76:55; 76:45). In return Alan is punched in the stomach by one of Mr. Chow's henchmen, causing Mr. Chow to laugh hysterically and simultaneously slip â€Å"it's funny because he's fat† out of his mouth (Hangover 76:55).Clearly in the scene, the overweight character, Zach Galifianakis, is the butt of the joke as he is punched very hard in the stomach and then laughed at for his stupidity and weight. In modern movie making, overweight comedians have had a critical role in humor in films. Stars such as John Black, Seth Rogen, and Zach Galifianakis are modern examples of such characters, but in the last thirty years, ma ny other large comedians have developed and popularized similar roles in films.The overweight funny man in film has evolved into a more personal, relatable character due largely in part to their accurate reflection of the United States obesity problem. These characters have also created their own genre, a genre that has evolved out of slapstick comedy, yet remains in the realm of realism. This genre, which often involves immature and physical pain, yet remains plausible and not fake (like earlier slapstick humor), continues to bring new fans to the cinema and create greater love for this group of comedians.This paper will explain funny fat people's emergence, humor, and popularity in American cinema. Evolution of Slapstick Comedy in Films When was the first comedy film? John Montgomery suggests it â€Å"may well have been Fred Off's Sneeze, filmed in 1894 by William K. L. Dickson. The film was produced for Thomas Edison's Kinetoscope Company in the ‘Black Maria' Kinetographic Theatre which Dickson built for Edison in West Orange, New Jersey† (Montgomery 17). This film was released just three years after Edison's invention of the Kinetoscope in 1891.It is not a coincidence that a comedic piece of film was released soon after the production of the moving picture, but it simply suggests the necessity of comedic entertainment in American culture. From the early days of film, comedy became a staple on American cinema. In the early twentieth century, films were silent and featured many comedies. The initial type of comedy featured was slapstick comedy, which â€Å"was a gift to America from France† (Durgnat 67). The term slapstick evolved from â€Å"the double paddles formerly used by circus clowns to beat each other.The loud crack of the two paddle blades as they crashed together could always be depended upon to produce laughter and applause† (Dale 1). Slapstick is a type of comedy involving exaggerated physical violence and activities wh ich exceed the boundaries of common sense. The first American slapstick comedy producer was Mack Sennett, who with the help of actor/producer Charlie Chaplin, created many hilarious films loved by the American people (Durgnat 70). In these films, there was no audio component, requiring all humor to be dependent on physical actions (Montgomery 18).Raymond Durgnat states that â€Å"in early Chaplin, Dough and Dynamite (1915), the human body is all but reduced to an apparatus for punching, kicking, ducking and dodging† (Durgnat 69). Chaplin has been considered the â€Å"master clown† and in 1916, Chester Conklin, an actor and comedian, stated â€Å"without a doubt the one person who has been most successful in making people laugh is Charlie Chaplin† (Montgomery 108). Chaplin and others continued to produce silent slapstick comedy films through the Roaring Twenties, a time when film became increasingly popular and very successful.In 1926, Warner Brothers introduced the first film with audio attached. Because of the imperfections of the initial product and smaller budgets in the 1930s due to the Great Depression, films with an audio component remained imperfect, allowing silent films to retain their popularity and stay popular and not outdated. Following Chaplin and the others of the first generation of slapstick comedy was the Three Stooges: Larry Fine (born Louis Fienberg), Moe Howard (born Moses Horwitz), and Curly Howard (born Jerome Horwitz) (Matlin 163). This trio continued to produce popular short films and a few feature films until the late 1950s.The Three Stooges were the last true slapstick comedians, where Leonard Matlin argues that the use of â€Å"clever scripting and direction places the physical burden on others but still gives the Stooges elbowroom in which to clown† (Matlin 168). The Three Stooges were some of the last slapstick films, which essentially died out as many other forms of comedy emerged onto the film scene. One of these styles of humor Louise Dobson describes in a 2006 edition of Psychology Today as ‘hate-me humor', a style in which â€Å"you are the butt of the joke for the amusement of others† (Dobson 76).She continues stating this character is often the â€Å"familiar clown† or â€Å"fat guy† and includes examples like John Belushi and Chris Farley (Dobson 76). Dobson directly identifies the â€Å"fat guy† as an example of such comedy because of how popular these comedians have become. From this article it is evident that funny fat people are essential to American comedy, so much so that the author is able to classify them as the ‘fat guy' and American readers are able to identify with popular overweight comedians. Although there appears to be a reasonable argument that this comedy genre  falls into ‘hate-me-humor', I would suggest that these comedians exist as an of slapstick comedy.The laughs these characters receive come from the sa me qualities the original slapstick comedians, like Charlie Chaplin, shared. Raymond Durgnat describes this stating â€Å"Slapstick comedians are childlike, and in consequence act out the impulses which as adults we suppress† (Durgnat 72). If you replace Durgnat's word ‘slapstick' with overweight, the sentence would read: overweight comedians are childlike, and in consequence act out the impulses which as adults we suppress.Looking at many overweight comedians we see that this very well could be the case. The characters impulsive and childish actions are very common in their films (many examples to follow in next section) and generate laughs similar to those of traditional slapstick humor. In recent years, no director has released a true slapstick comedy film. The genre has been avoided (except in children's cartoons) in movies perhaps because the producers believe that the modern American culture is too advanced for this immature, simplistic, outdated humor.In reality, current comedy has progressed into a new form of slapstick comedy, where the exaggerations have been toned down and the humor has become a little more realistic. Looking through the last four decades we can see countless examples of films featuring this realistic slapstick humor. These characters tend to be lovable, goofy, wild and consistently overweight. Modernization of Slapstick Comedy: Realistic Physical Humor. In order to analyze the continuation of slapstick humor in American cinema, a look at the period immediately following the Three Stooges (the last true slapstick productions) is essential.In 1963, the release of the first Pink Panther film, starring Peter Sellers marked a new era for slapstick comedy. The Pink Panther series stretched nearly two decades with Sellers as the star, relied on slapstick humor, yet remained plausible. Most scenes from the Pink Panther movies are absurd and over the top in every manner, yet the events of the plot could be realistic, creating a new breed of slapstick comedy. At the end of the Pink Panther's dominance, National Lampoon released Animal House in 1978, starring several actors including John Belushi.Following the release of the film, Belushi evolved as the work’s centerpiece providing countless hysterical events. In the movie, John ‘Bluto' Blutarsky (played by John Belushi) appeared in about a dozen scenes, yet is the most memorable character of the film through his ridiculous actions. In the movie he rarely speaks, and acts very childish, both parallel pieces of the earliest slapstick comedians. Belushi has a handful of memorable quotes and scenes, most of which are truly ridiculous, yet believable.He has several immature one line quotes including: â€Å"Toga! Toga! †, â€Å"Blow-job!†, â€Å"Holy Shit! Holy Shit! Holy Shit! †, and â€Å"Food Fight! † (Animal House 44:00; 63:55; 30:25; 35:37). All of these quotes fit perfectly into the description of â€Å"childlike a nd in consequence act out the impulses which as adults we suppress† that the classic slapstick comedians possessed (Durgnat 72). Bluto continues to act wildly doing many things including falling off of a ladder trying to peep in a sorority window, crushing a beer can on his head, smashing a guitar someone else is trying to play, and chugging an entire bottle of Jack Daniel's and smashing it on a car.All of these actions are absurd and exaggerations of what any human might do in a similar scenario, yet all are possibly plausible. A last scene from Animal House that demonstrates the evolution of slapstick comedy begins with Bluto (Belushi) going through the lunch line where he stacks a ridiculous amount of food on his tray and in his pockets. While doing this he also stuffs enormous amounts of the food in his mouth, including a hamburger in one bite. He then proceeds to sit down at a table filled with some clean cut preppy students.There he is ridiculed for his eating habits and called a â€Å"P. I. G. pig† (Animal House 34:35). In response to being classified as a pig, he attempts to be a zit, stuffing his mouth with mashed potatoes and spraying everybody at the table by mashing his cheeks with his hands as seen in the following picture (Animal House 34:55): The focus of the scene is the unrealistic quantity and grossly unhealthy quality of food Belushi eats as well as the animalistic, childish manner in which he feasts.Following the incident he proceeds to be chased around the cafeteria, ultimately ending in a brawl and food fight. The sequence of events in this scene all are extremely humorous, yet very childish and exaggerated beyond what any viewer would expect from a twenty year old man. However, all of the actions in the scene are perfectly capable of being true, making this portion of the film extremely humorous in its realistic slapstick fashion. Nearly a decade later, in 1987, Planes, Trains, and Automobiles featured John Candy, another ov erweight comedian.In this film, the progression of slapstick comedy continues paralleling Belushi's contributions to the genre. Candy acts extremely childish and wildly, yet his actions remain plausible, exhibiting similar humor to that of John Belushi. In Planes, Trains, and Automobiles Candy's humor can fully be grasped in a scene on a commercial plane flight. On the plane, co-star Steve Martin has just been downgraded from first class to coach seating, and finds his seat next to John Candy. It quickly becomes clear that Candy fills up way too much of the seat, creating an uncomfortable situation.To make things worse Candy proceeds to take off his shoes in order to help relax, clearly releasing a disgusting odor observed by others in seats around him. He continues his gross movements by taking off his socks and spinning them around to air them out. When doing so, his dirty sock is very close to Steve Martin's face, and based on the expression on Martin's character it is clear that the sock smells wretched. This act is unbelievable, childish, and ridiculous, all similar characteristics of slapstick comedy.Later in Planes, Trains, and Automobiles, John Candy continues to provide humor through another similar evolution of slapstick comedy, where he accidentally spills several beers on the bed in which he (who barely fits on the bed alone because of his enormous frame) and a complete stranger share. The move is very careless and results in an incredibly uncomfortable situation that makes the audience laugh hysterically because of the continuation of unfortunate events all linked to Candy's childish careless actions.A last scene from this film takes place in a rental car, after the duo (Martin and Candy) have managed to run into every problem possible on a trip to Chicago to get home for Thanksgiving. In the car, Candy attempts to get comfortable by tampering with the seat position. He uses the buttons on the side of the seat, jerking the seat around for a few mi nutes, failing to find a satisfactory position. Although Martin has persistently told him to stop and that he will break the seat, he continues on until ultimately he breaks the seat, making it uncomfortable and unmovable.Following the seat incident, he continues his path of destruction. After smoking a cigarette, he drops the butt out the window. However due to the wind, it blows into the back seat of the car ultimately sending the back seat up in flames and roasting the entire car. In this quick scene, Candy manages to act immaturely and rambunctiously resulting in the destruction of the car. The remains of slapstick comedy are clearly evident in this scene, climaxing with the unreasonable fate of the rental car.The absurdity of someone so overweight that he breaks a seat and the reality of seeing a car explode in flames seem like a moment from a slapstick cartoon, yet the film is completely plausible due to the overweight and clumsy nature of Candy. Following John Candy's death i n the early 1990s, Chris Farley emerged as the next overweight star, both on television and in a few Hollywood films. His humor was similar to that of John Candy and also very comparable to the works of John Belushi.In an article praising the life of Chris Farley following his death in Rolling Stone magazine, the author states â€Å"we talked about his hero and Saturday Night Live predecessor, John Belushi. It was well known that Farley had been obsessed with Belushi, and people loved making much of this fact, since the two seemed to share a love of certain rather common excesses† (Hedegaard 39). Looking at Tommy Boy, produced in 1995, John Belushi's influence on Chris Farley becomes apparent through Farley's role and performance in the film.In Tommy Boy, Chris Farley stars as the protagonist, an immature and dimwitted heir to an auto parts factory who must save the business to keep it from take-over and away from evil relatives. Throughout the film, Farley's childish actions bring laughs to audiences of all ages. To begin the film, Tommy (Chris Farley) is shown in a flashback as a young school boy rushing to class, late as always. In this scene he runs full speed into a glass sliding door, shouting â€Å"Holy Schnike! † (Tommy Boy 0:44). The film then skips several years and shows an older Tommy, in his seventh year of college.Although the older character is much larger (Chris Farley was very large), he mirrors the young middle school version of Tommy because he is pictured doing the same action: rushing to class (late again). In this scene, he is scene trying to take a short cut through some hedges, but runs full speed into a newly put up fence, hitting his head very hard and exclaiming â€Å"Holy Schnike! † again (Tommy Boy 2:02). From these scenes which mesh together, we can clearly see the immaturity of the character, yet the viewer gets many laughs through the physical pain Farley endures.These actions take place in the first minute of the film, and really set the tone for the rest of the movie. In the film, Tommy is seen acting very foolishly on many accounts: he consistently runs into sliding glass doors, he gets hit in the head with a two-by-four piece of construction wood, he hits his head on a forklift after not listening to his father say heads up, he slips and gets covered in cow manure when trying to go cow tipping, and he rips his friends blue blazer because he is too big for it. Consistently, Tommy releases very childish comments, and he is largely responsible for destroying his friend’s beloved car.In the film, the actions Farley takes mirror concepts that defined slapstick comedy. His childish and extreme actions are all very similar to this genre of comedy. Farley extends this comedy to make it more personal and relatable as the protagonist becomes more developed. His actions are all very extreme and in many incidents would cause physical pain. Although painful or ridiculous, all actions tha t take place in the movie could take place in real-life, making the audience relate to the comedy. In one scene in particular, Tommy pushes the realm of reasonable office behavior.In an attempt to sell auto products for his company, he acts out an anecdote with his customer's nice model cars. In his story he gives two examples of how a similar scene could play out with two different brakes. In the first action, the car has on Callahan Brake Pads (his company’s) and is able to stop in front of a obstacle that is suddenly in front of the car (a lighter also on the desk). While showing this action he has a complete narrative stating â€Å"You're drivin' along, la-de-da, woo. All of a sudden there's a truck tire in the middle of the road. And you hit the brakes. EEEEEEEEE!Whoa, that was close† (Tommy Boy 35:30). He then proceeds stating â€Å"Now let's see what happens when you're driving with the â€Å"other guy's†[does quotation marks with fingers] brake pads. Yo u're drivin' along, you're drivin' along, the kids start shouting from the back seat, ‘I gotta go to the bathroom, Daddy! ‘ ‘Not now, damn it! ‘ Truck tire. EEEEEEEE! I CAN'T STOP! † (Tommy Boy 35:45). He then rams the model car into the lighter smashing the car of the customer. Farley then gets really into the story acting out voices of a narrator, the kids, the parents, and eventually the paramedics who respond to the scene.In the scene, some of his quotes include â€Å"No! I can't feel my legs †¦ Here comes the meat wagon †¦ And the medic gets out and says, ‘Oh my God. ‘†¦ New guy's around the corner puking his guts out† (Tommy Boy 36:05). He also finishes the crash by setting the crushed car on fire with the lighter and calmly collects himself making his point casually stating â€Å"All because you want to save a couple extra pennies† (Tommy Boy 36:20). This scene is a clear example of Farley taking over a sc ene that could have easily been executed much more peacefully, maturely, and professionally.But the director and Chris Farley decided to execute the scene wildly and immaturely so that viewers see the scene in awe as they cannot believe how overdone he makes the episode. The film is full of scenes like this one, which leave the audience in shock at how a human could act in such a manner. They key to the humor brought about in the film is much like that of Belushi and Candy, it remains believable: although unlikely, all actions in the film could possibly occur in a person's life. Through looking at these three overweight comedians we see the progression of the same genre of comedy.The slapstick comedy that first featured Charlie Chaplin and other silent film comedians progressed into slapstick comedy with audio, like the Three Stooges. Following the Three Stooges, the horseplay that was extreme and in many ways violent and not possible for a person to survive, died out. In return, se veral years later comedians like Belushi rediscovered the art of making a career out of horseplay in every film or television show in which they appeared. Following the mold Belushi made, many other actors have morphed their careers into similar roles.Through the years the importance of the overweight comedian has grown dramatically. In 1978, John Belushi was a minor character in Animal House. Although his few scenes (around a dozen) are the most memorable from the film, his role contained very few lines and he was never intended to be the star of the film. Looking forward nearly a decade later, John Candy in Planes, Trains, and Automobiles promoted his role to the supporting actor, though not the protagonist of the film.In this film, we learn much more about the character (a back story, his emotions, etc.) than we did of Belushi in Animal House. Belushi's character, Bluto, has apparently been in college for several years and the odds of him graduating appear slim. Other than this, we have no other information on the character. For Candy's character, Del, we find out much more about his life as a shower ring salesman as he appears in nearly every scene and is a much better developed character. Finally looking at Tommy Boy, released almost two-decades after Belushi, the American audience sees the fat wild character as the protagonist of the work.Chris Farley's character, Tommy, is the clear protagonist of the film (the film is even titled after the character's name). Farley's character has a well developed character, as the viewer is well informed of the character's entire family and Tommy's flaws and strengths. Why Overweight? Following in the footsteps of the unrealistic, unsurvivable slapstick comedy to the more plausible realistic feature films, the role of the fat comedian progressed to the center of the film. Perhaps the movement towards realism reflects American’s recognition of their own overweight society.The United States is the world's most ob ese country. In an attempt to explain this epidemic, Greg Critser published Fat Land: How Americans became the fattest people in the world. This work highlights new research that claims cheap fats and sugars as the source which causes our calories to stick and shows why children are too often the chief metabolic culprits of such foods. He clearly claims that we (Americans) have been telling ourselves lies about how much we can eat and how little we can exercise.He attempts to expose the nutritional value (or lack thereof) in schools as well as political and cultural forces that have caused American’s fitness to continue to decrease (Critser 23). Critser debunks all eating patterns and even diet books in an attempt to explain why they do not work and only supplement the obesity problem in the United States. Although a slightly humorous book, Critser's message is very serious; the lack of a balanced nutritional diet (which he provides to the best of his understanding) and reduc ed exercise has set a death trap for many people in America, leading to an obesity problem.Hollywood has capitalized on the acceptability of overweight people, and has used and continues to use actors bearing this unhealthy lifestyle in order to provide entertainment (usually humorous) to the United States (Critser 25). The comedians explored in the previous pages share one common obvious trait, their weight. John Belushi, John Candy, and Chris Farley were all obese. The reason why they were overweight will never be fully understood, whether it was genetics, poor eating, lack of exercise, pressures of society, or bad habits. The fact is that all these men were huge, and remained large until their respective deaths.Not only were all of these men overweight, they were also well loved. In a People Magazine article following the death of John Candy, the author concludes â€Å"in the end, of course, no one can say for certain whether diet and self-denial would have prolonged Candy's lif e a single day. Only one thing is sure: Already Candy is missed† (Harmes 97). Similarly in a Canadian magazine an author begins â€Å"While all of us feel as though we've lost someone we knew personally,† showing another example of the attachment fans had with such comedians (Candy in both of these instances) (The Untimely Passing 9).Like Candy, Chris Farley had his fair share of praises in a Rolling Stone Magazine stating â€Å"almost everyone loved Farley, and it was a genuine love, not a Hollywood love† (Hedegaard 40). Through these accounts praising the lives of such overweight comedians, it becomes clear that the actors really connected with their audience and gained a sincere affection from their fans. The love they generated came through both the laughs they consistently provided America as well as their big loving appearance.Perhaps people connected with the characters because they thought their enormous build made them more resilient and therefore they c ould endure the slapstick comedy they provided. Maybe the reason they were admired was because their large appearance was not the typical Hollywood ‘Barbie'-like figure that so many stars posses, but a reflection of how America really looks: overweight. Or, perhaps their size made them more human because they embodied the flaws in all of us. By the simple act of laughing at and with them, the audience is put at ease and feels better about their own shortcomings.In any case, the success of these comedians came through their realistic appearance on stage. The people and actions in these films could occur in everyday American lives. The men were not living a sophisticated lifestyle and did not have special skills; they portrayed an overweight male (which is common in the United States) and shined in immature and physical humor evolving the slapstick genre that has been a staple of American comedy films since their beginning a century ago.

Definition and Examples of British English